What is Cervical Spondylosis?

Cervical spondylosis, also known as neck arthritis or cervical osteoarthritis, is a degenerative condition that affects the cervical spine (neck). Over time, the discs and joints in the neck undergo wear and tear, leading to various symptoms like neck pain, stiffness, and sometimes numbness or tingling in the arms or hands.

Understanding the Pathophysiology: Cervical spondylosis develops due to several factors:

1. Disc Degeneration: The discs between the vertebrae in the neck gradually lose water content and elasticity, becoming thinner and less effective at cushioning the spinal bones.
2. Bone Spurs: As the discs degenerate, the body may form abnormal bone growths called bone spurs or osteophytes, which can narrow the space available for the spinal cord and nerves.
3. Herniated Discs: In some cases, the discs may bulge or herniate, pressing on nearby nerves and causing pain or other symptoms.

Most Common Causes of Cervical Spondylosis:

1. Age: The risk of cervical spondylosis increases with age, as wear and tear on the spine accumulate over time.
2. Past Neck Injuries: Previous injuries or trauma to the neck, such as whiplash from a car accident or repetitive strain from certain occupations, can accelerate the degenerative process.
3. Lifestyle Factors: Poor posture, sedentary lifestyle, smoking, and obesity can all increase the risk of cervical spondylosis.

Do’s & Don’ts for Managing Cervical Spondylosis:

Do’s:

1. Maintain Good Posture: Practice proper posture to reduce strain on the neck and spine. Use ergonomic furniture and take regular breaks from prolonged sitting or computer use.
2. Stay Active: Engage in regular exercise to strengthen the muscles supporting the neck and improve flexibility. Low-impact activities like walking, swimming, or yoga are beneficial.
3. Use Neck Support: Use a supportive pillow that keeps your neck in a neutral position while sleeping. Avoid sleeping on your stomach, as this can strain the neck.
4. Practice Neck Exercises: Perform gentle neck stretches and exercises recommended by a healthcare professional to maintain flexibility and range of motion.

Don’ts:

1. Avoid Excessive Strain: Avoid activities that strain the neck, such as heavy lifting or carrying objects with poor posture. Be mindful of your body mechanics during daily tasks.
2. Limit Screen Time: Minimize prolonged use of electronic devices like smartphones or tablets, which can contribute to neck strain. Take frequent breaks and practice neck stretches.
3. Quit Smoking: Smoking can impair blood flow to the spinal discs, accelerating degeneration. Quitting smoking can help slow the progression of cervical spondylosis.

Treatment Options for Cervical Spondylosis

1. Medications: Over-the-counter pain relievers, muscle relaxants, or prescription medications may help alleviate pain and inflammation.
2. Physical Therapy: A physical therapist can design a customized exercise program to strengthen the neck muscles, improve posture, and reduce pain.
3. Injections: Corticosteroid injections into the affected area can provide temporary pain relief and reduce inflammation.

Cervical spondylosis is a common condition that can cause neck pain and stiffness, but with proper management, individuals can reduce symptoms and maintain a good quality of life. By adopting healthy lifestyle habits, practicing good posture, and seeking appropriate treatment, individuals can effectively manage cervical spondylosis and prevent worsening of symptoms.

References:

1. Binder AI. Cervical spondylosis and neck pain. BMJ. 2007;334(7592):527-531. doi:10.1136/bmj.39127.608299.80
2. Radhakrishnan K, Litchy WJ, O’Fallon WM, Kurland LT. Epidemiology of cervical radiculopathy. A population-based study from Rochester, Minnesota, 1976 through 1990. Brain. 1994;117(Pt 2):325-335. doi:10.1093/brain/117.2.325